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The aim of this work was to evaluate the accumulation of salts in the soil from irrigation water and N and K from fertilization. The experiment was conducted in PVC columns (20 cm in diameter and 100 cm high), filled with sand, non-saline soil, grown with maize. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design in a 4 x 4 factorial, four salinity levels (0.5, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 dS m) and four N rates, with five replicates. The four N rates, applied as urea and potassium nitrate, were as follows: N1: N recommendation for maize (2.6 g column ); N2: 0.3 times of recommendation N1 (0.78 g column); N3 and N4: Reduced rate of N1 and N2, respectively, based on the evapotranspiration reduction caused by salinity. At 74 DAS the roots and soil samples were collected in different layers. The ECe and the ions concentrations from irrigation water (Ca, Na and Cl) increased as a function of salinity and soil depth. The opposite was observed for the root system. The increase in salinity also resulted in K and NO3 accumulation in the soil column, mainly in higher N rates (N1 and N3). For the treatment of higher salinity (7.5 dS m) and higher N rate (N1), it was observed that 88% of the NO3 was below 20 cm of the soil at the end of the experiment, evidencing a loss process by leaching.

Evidence of nitrogen and potassium losses in soil columns cultivated with maize under salt stress