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Acetaldehyde, associated with consumption of alcoholic beverages, is known to be a carcinogen and to be related to the tongue dorsum.    Objective   The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between acetaldehyde concentration in mouth air and bacterial characteristics on the tongue dorsum.    Methodology   Thirty-nine healthy volunteers participated in the study. Acetaldehyde concentrations in mouth air were evaluated by a high-sensitivity semiconductor gas sensor. A 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique was used to compare microbiomes between two groups, focusing on the six samples with the highest acetaldehyde concentrations (HG) and the six samples with lowest acetaldehyde concentrations (LG).    Results   Acetaldehyde concentration increased in correlation with the increase in bacterial count (p=0.048). The number of species observed in the oral microbiome of the HG was higher than that in the oral microbiome of the LG (p=0.011). The relative abundances of  Gemella sanguinis ,  Veillonella parvula  and  Neisseria flavescens  in the oral microbiome of the HG were higher than those in the oral microbiome of the LG (p<0.05).    Conclusion   Acetaldehyde concentration in mouth air was associated with bacterial count, diversity of microbiome, and relative abundance of  G. sanguinis ,  V. parvula , and  N. flavescens .

journal of applied oral science

Relationship between acetaldehyde concentration in mouth air and characteristics of microbiota of tongue dorsum in Japanese healthy adults: a cross-sectional study