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Auxin regulates a plethora of events during plant growth and development, acting in concert with other phytohormones.  YUCCA  genes encode flavin monooxygenases that function in tryptophan-dependent auxin biosynthesis. To understand the contribution of the  YUCCA4  ( YUC4 ) gene on auxin homeostasis, plant growth and interaction with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling,  35S::YUC4  seedlings were generated, which showed elongated hypocotyls with hyponastic leaves and changes in root system architecture that correlate with enhanced auxin responsive gene expression. Differential expression of PIN1, 2, 3 and 7 auxin transporters was detected in roots of  YUC4  overexpressing seedlings compared to the wild-type: PIN1 was down-regulated whereas PIN2, PIN3 and PIN7 were up-regulated. Noteworthy,  35S::YUC4  lines showed enhanced sensitivity to ABA on seed germination and post-embryonic root growth, involving ABI4 transcription factor. The auxin reporter genes  DR5::GUS, DR5::GFP  and  BA3::GUS  further revealed that abscisic acid impairs auxin responses in  35S::YUC4  seedlings. Our results indicate that  YUC4  overexpression influences several aspects of auxin homeostasis and reveal the critical roles of ABI4 during auxin-ABA interaction in germination and primary root growth.

genetics and molecular biology

YUCCA4 overexpression modulates auxin biosynthesis and transport and influences plant growth and development via crosstalk with abscisic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana