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Phylogenetic species of  Paracoccidioides brasiliensis  complex (S1a and S1b, PS2, PS3, and PS4) and  Paracoccidioides lutzii  are agents of paracoccidioidomycosis, an endemic fungal disease in Latin America.  P. restrepiensis  (PS3 genotype) was classified as monophyletic and geographically restricted to Colombia and neighboring territories. BAT (or Pb-327B) was isolated from a patient living in the southeast region of Brazil but with genotype similar to Colombian  Paracoccidioides  spp. strains. This study aimed to define the phylogenetic species of BAT isolate by using additional genotyping methods, as well as reviewing the epidemiological and clinical studies related to  P. restrepiensis  isolates. Genomic DNA of BAT isolate and reference strains of  P. brasiliensis sensu stricto  (S1b),  P. americana  (PS2),  P. restrepiensis  (PS3), and  P. lutzii  were analyzed by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of partial  gp43  exon 2 loci, by PCR-RFLP technique of  tub 1 gene, and by sequencing of the whole  gp43  exon 2 loci. Here, we show that BAT isolate belongs to  P. restrepiensis  species, which is an unusual identification in southeastern Brazil, where  P. brasiliensis sensu stricto  is the prevalent genotype. This identification has relevance for geographical distribution and propagation of the genus  Paracoccidioides  in South America.

genetics and molecular biology

Characterization of a Paracoccidioides spp. strain from southeastern Brazil genotyped as Paracoccidioides restrepiensis (PS3) and review of this phylogenetic species