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Interspecific hybridization is required for the development of  Jatropha curcas  L. improved cultivars, due to its narrow genetic basis. The present study aimed to analyze the parental genomic composition of F 1  and BC 1 F 1  generations derived from interspecific crosses ( J. curcas/J. integerrima  and  J. curcas/J. multifida ) by GISH (Genomic  In Situ  Hybridization), and the meiotic index and pollen viability of F 1  hybrids. In F 1  cells from both hybrids, 11 chromosomes of each parental was observed, as expected, but chromosome rearrangement events could be detected using rDNA chromosome markers, suggesting unbalanced cells. In the BC 1 F 1 , both hybrids had 22 chromosomes, suggesting that only  n  = 11 gametes were viable in the next generation. However, GISH allowed the identification of three and two alien chromosomes in  J. curcas//J. integerrima  and  J. curcas//J. multifida  BC 1 F 1  hybrids, respectively, suggesting a preferential transmission of  J. curcas  chromosomes for both hybrids. Pollen viability in F 1  hybrids derived from  J. curcas/J. integerrima  crosses were higher (82-83%) than those found for  J. curcas/J. multifida  (68%), showing post-meiotic problems in these last hybrids, with dyads, triads, polyads, and micronuclei as post-meiosis results. The here presented cytogenetic characterization of interspecific hybrids and their backcross progenies can contribute to the selection of the best genotypes for future assisted breeding of  J. curcas .

Genome composition and pollen viability of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) interspecific hybrids by Genomic In Situ Hybridization (GISH)