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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Pantanal, the World’s largest freshwater wetland, is suffering extreme drought since 2019. The amount of water in floodplains and rivers is reducing, resulting in extremely dry soil and vegetation, and increasing the risk of wildfire events. This scenario is likely due the negative synergies between deforestation and widespread use of fire in the Amazon, changing hydrological cycle and reducing rainfall in parts of the La Plata basin (Lovejoy and Nobre, 2018). From January 2020 to date, several wildfires sweeped over 3.8 million ha (Figure 1), calculated from NPP-375 satellite data, with unpredictable impacts on biodiversity, ecological services, and human health. These fires may have affected at least 65 million native vertebrates and 4 billion invertebrates, based on known species densities. Affected species include the endangered jaguar (Panthera onca), giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus), crowned solitary eagle (Buteogallus coronatus) and hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). Impacts on these species can be direct by injuries and death, or indirect due to habitat loss and resource shortage (Figure 2). Furthermore, the The Pantanal is on fire and only a sustainable agenda can save the largest wetland in the world