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Objective   to analyze the relationship between  per capita  income and the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the neighborhoods of the city of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.    Method   an ecological study using neighborhoods as units of analysis. The cumulative incidence rate  per  100,000 inhabitants and the median of potential confounding variables (sex, race, and age) were calculated. Multiple analysis included quantile regression, estimating the regression coefficients of the variable income for every five percentiles from the 10 th  to 90 th  percentiles to verify the relationship between income and incidence.    Results   the city’s rate was 36.58 new cases  per  100,000 inhabitants. In general, the highest rates were observed in the wealthiest regions. Multiple analysis was consistent with this observation since the  per capita  income affected all percentiles analyzed, with a median regression coefficient of 0.02 (p-value <0.001; R 2  32.93). That is, there is an increase of R$ 0.02 in the neighborhood’s  per capita  income for every unit of incidence.    Conclusion   cumulative incident rates of COVID-19 are influenced by one’s neighborhood of residency, suggesting that access to testing is uneven.

Effect of income on the cumulative incidence of COVID-19: an ecological study