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Refractory materials are highly useful for hightemperature insulation applications in a great variety of industries, especially in metallurgical environments, such as steel plants. Because of energy costs, environmental concerns and with the dangers associated with the use of asbestos, manmade vitreous fibers (MMVF) such as refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) and alkaline earth silicate (AES) wools have been used. Reasons for their employment are directly linked to their low density, low thermal conductivity, low shrinkage, high resilience and high thermal shock resistance [1, 2]. These characteristics allow their use as wear linings in a great variety of equipment such as tempering and reheating furnaces and steel ladle covers. However, surely because of their fibrous form, which they share with the asbestos minerals, these manmade materials also showed concern regarding possible health effects. As a consequence, a number of experimental researches were performed regarding health concerns and based on animal studies. RCF has been deemed to be a possible pathogen by reputable regulatory bodies, including the US Environmental Protection Agency, the European Chemical Agency and the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The concern raised by the aforementioned institutions is that there is inadequate evidence in humans for the pathogenicity of RCF, but there is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for its pathogenicity. In contrast, considering AES (identification X-607) materials, there is inadequate Biopersistence of fibrous thermal insulations (AES fibers) after heat exposure using intratracheal instillation technique