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portuguesOs solos de varzea sao caracterizados pela alta suscetibilidade a saturacao por agua. Esta condicao anaerobica e geralmente encontrada em solos arrozeiros e altera o processo de decomposicao dos compostos orgânicos do solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade microbiana e enzimatica de um solo de varzea sob diferentes teores de umidade no solo. Um Planossolo historicamente cultivado com arroz irrigado foi utilizado para avaliar a atividade microbiana e enzimatica em tratamentos com diferentes niveis de umidade do solo, sendo: i) 60% de capacidade de campo (CC) (60%CC); ii) 100% da CC (100%CC); iii) solo inundado com uma camada de agua de 2 cm acima da superficie do solo; e iv) solo mantido a 60%CC com inundacao apos 29 dias da incubacao. A maior atividade microbiana do solo foi observada no tratamento 100%CC, sendo 41% maior que o tratamento 60%CC e 2% maior que tratamento inundado. Os dados da atividade enzimatica pela hidrolise do diacetato de fluoresceina (FDA) corroboraram a maior liberacao de CO2 nos tratamentos com maior umidade do solo. Diferentemente dos resultados encontrados, as principais metodologias para avaliacao da atividade microbiana ainda recomendam manter o solo com umidade proxima a 60% da CC. No entanto, em solos de varzea com historicos de cultivos de arroz, a manutencao de umidade proxima a 60% da CC pode limitar a atividade microbiana. A tecnica de respiracao do solo pode ser usada para avaliar a atividade microbiana em condicoes de solo inundado. No entanto, mais estudos devem ser realizados para entender o efeito do historico de cultivo na comunidade microbiana nesses ambientes. EnglishThe lowland soils are characterized by high susceptibility to water saturation. This anaerobic condition is usually reported in paddy fields and alters the decomposition process of soil organic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the soil microbial and enzymatic activity of a lowland soil at different soil moisture contents. A poorly drained Albaqualf cultivated with irrigated rice was used to evaluate microbial and enzymatic activity in treatments with different levels of soil moisture, being: i) 60% of field capacity (FC) (60%FC); ii) 100% of FC (100%FC); iii) flooded soil with a 2 cm water layer above soil surface, and iv) soil kept at 60%FC with late flood after 29 days the incubation. The greater soil microbial activity was observed in the 100%FC treatment, being 41% greater than 60%FC treatment and only 2% higher than flooded treatment. The enzymatic activity data by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis corroborated the higher CO2 release in treatments with higher soil moisture content. Differently from the results reported, the main methodologies to evaluate microbial activity still recommend maintenance of the soil with a moisture content close to 60% of the FC. However, in lowland soil with history of frequent paddy fields, the maintenance of moisture close to 60% of the FC can limit the microbial activity. The soil respiration technique can be used to evaluate the microbial activity in flooded soil conditions. However, further studies should be conducted to understand the effect of the cultivation history on the microbial community of these environments.

How different soil moisture levels affect the microbial activity