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EnglishSoybean is the main agricultural crop in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It is primarily cultivated in a crop succession system, in wich soybean is grown in spring/summer, followed by corn or graminaceous pastures in autumn/winter as a second crop. Due to the intensive cultivation, new phytosanitary problems have arisen, among them the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, which besides causing damage to plant roots, can be important gateway for other soil pathogens. The recent occurrence of high nematode population densities has brought great concern due to the limited resistant soybean genotypes available. Besides, the use of nematicides only reduces nematodes populations temporarily. A viable alternative for the control of soil nematodes could be the use of Crotalaria spp. in succession or rotation with soybean. Crotalaria is immune or a bad host to the nematode, besides having high capacity of biological nitrogen fixation. Thus, the objective of the present research was to define the best way of insertion of this legume as a second crop in soybean production systems to reduce the population density of the rootlesion nematode. Two experiments were carried out: one in the field, in an infested area, and other in a greenhouse. In both experiments, the treatments were: 1) Zea mays, 2) Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraes,, 3) Z. mays + Crotalaria spectabilis, 4) Z. mays + C. ochroleuca, 5) B. brizantha cv. Xaraes + C. spectabilis, 6) B. brizantha cv. Xaraes + C. ochroleuca, 7) C. spectabilis, and 8) C. ochroleuca. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by estimating the number of nematodes in the roots of autumn/winter crops, as well as in the roots of the soybean cultivated in the sequence. The cultivation of both Crotalaria species provided suppression of the nematode population. However, when intercropped with corn or Xaraes palisade grass, the suppressive effect of Crotalaria was supplanted by corn and Xaraes palisadegrass susceptibility to the root-lesion nematode portuguesA soja e a principal cultura agricola explorada no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, cultivada prioritariamente no sistema de sucessao com milho safrinha. Com expansao da cultura, novos problemas fitossanitarios surgiram, como o nematoide das lesoes radiculares, Pratylenchus brachyurus. A ocorrencia recente de altas densidades populacionais do nematoide trouxe preocupacao pela limitada quantidade de genotipos de soja resistentes e o uso de nematicidas reduzir temporariamente a populacao. Uma alternativa viavel para controle seria o uso de crotalaria em sucessao ou rotacao com a soja, pois esta e ma hospedeira ou imune a nematoides. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi definir a melhor forma de insercao dessa leguminosa em sucessao com soja para reducao da densidade populacional do Pratylenchus brachyurus. O trabalho consistiu de dois experimentos: a campo, em uma area infestada, e em casa de vegetacao. Os tratamentos utilizados em ambos experimentos foram: 1) Zea mays, 2) Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraes, 3) Z. mays + Crotalaria spectabilis, 4) Z. mays + C. ochroleuca, 5) Xaraes + C. spectabilis, 6) Xaraes + C. ochroleuca, 7) C. spectabilis, 8) C. ochroleuca. O efeito dos tratamentos sobre densidade populacional do nematoide foi avaliado por: estimativa do numero de nematoides nas raizes; calculo da variacao da populacao durante todo o experimento; fator de reproducao e; caracteristicas fitotecnicas. O cultivo das especies de Crotalaria, sem consorciacao, proporcionaram supressao da populacao dos nematoides. Todavia o efeito supressor das crotalarias consorciadas foi suplantado pela suscetibilidade do milho e Xaraes ao Pratylenchus brachyurus.

Crotalaria species in succession to soybean for the management of Pratylenchus brachyurus