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Abortion is a highly polarizing topic. It is presented by its supporters as woman’s right to decide whether she wished to be a mother in a specific moment of her life, and by its opponents as killing of a future (and for some an already existing) human being. The latter view is often presented as absolute and extemporal. Yet, in practice, attitudes towards state’s control over the fate of embryos and fetuses are always situated. In France, conservative Catholics are mainly concerned by a child’s right to have a biological mother and father. They strongly oppose the right of homosexual – but not heterosexual – couples to employ assisted reproduction technologies, artificial insemination included, but seldom publicly contest the decriminalization of abortion. In Poland, the Catholic Church vigorously rejects the legalization of abortion, but also in vitro fertilization – including for heterosexual, married couples – because it involves a destruction of human embryos. In Brazil, conservative Christians rarely opose in vitro fertilization or the use of assisted reproduction technologies by homosexual women, and focuses on keeping abortion illegal. Attitudes towards embryos and fetuses also evolved with time. The equation of a fetus with an already existing child is relatively new. Scholars pointed out to the role of obstetrical ultrasound and the proliferation of fetal images that show a small, baby like entity, in strengthening view of a fetus as “my child” 1,2. However, since miscarriages are frequent, the knowledge that a fetus looks like a miniature baby did not originate with ultrasound images. In early and mid 20th Century it was propagated by popular books about pregnancy, a trend that culminated in Lennart Nilsson’s 1965 famous photo essay, Drama of Life Before Birth. This essay illustrated in fact “death before birth”: it presented photographs of miscarried and legally aborted fetuses 3. In the 1930s and 1940s, some women agreed to give their miscarried fetuses for research. Scientific films which showed the stimulation of these – dying-fetuses with soft hairs to elicit their reflex movements were hailed in popular magazines as an important contribution to the study of human development. Entities that looked like tiny babies were unproblematically perceived as experimental material 4. Attitudes to premature babies kept in incubators and displayed in the early 20th century in highly lucrative “baby shows” were even more striking. Until the 1920s, parents who “loaned” their premature babies to the organizers of such shows often did not manifest future interest in their child: if the baby survived (this happened in about one Abortion for fetal anomaly: how to speak about a difficult topic