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Brumadinho, Minas Gerais State. Friday, January 25th, 2019. At 12h 28min 25s, the tailings dam (B1) of the Córrego do Feijão mine, owned by Vale S.A., ruptures. Immediately thereafter, the company’s president, Fabio Schvartsman, declared “the environmental damage will be much smaller than that of Mariana, but the human tragedy will likely be bigger” 1. On the first day, it was established that 13 million m3 of mining rejects had been released into the environment. After one month of searches, the number of deaths exceeds 300, with 179 located bodies and 131 missing persons. In this specific case, the term “missing” can also represent an attempt to downplay the magnitude of the event, since there is no hope of finding these individuals alive more than a month after the event. Disasters, by nature an definition, are events that result “...in a serious interruption of a community or society’s normal functioning, affecting their everyday lives (...) simultaneously [involving] material and economic losses, as well as damaging the environment and the health of the population, through harms and diseases that can result in immediate or later deaths...”. Furthermore, some also exceed “...the capacity of an affected community or society to deal with the situation using their own resources, potentially resulting in the amplification of losses and environmental and health damages beyond the limits of the locality where the event took place” 2 (p. 9). From the Public Health perspective, the importance of understanding disasters is connected not only to the number of immediate deaths and health harms, but also to the identification of the emergence of new health problems and needs over time, which means they mobilize almost the entire Public Health structure. Additionally, since technological disasters involve contaminants, they demand urgent decisions, loaded with uncertainties, in order to end or reduce exposures and risk, as well as to address short, medium and long-term harms and diseases 3. This article seeks to discuss the complexity of this type of event for Public Health and the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS, in Portuguese), using the recent disasters as a reference. 1 Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. 2 Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. 3 Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

Da Samarco em Mariana à Vale em Brumadinho: desastres em barragens de mineração e Saúde Coletiva