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Objective:  to describe the implications of the diagnosis and treatment of non-inflammatory pancreatic cysts in a series of patients.  Methods:  we included patients with pancreatic cysts ≥1.0 cm, excluding those with a presumptive diagnosis of a pseudocyst. Imaging tests, echoendoscopy, and histopathology determined the diagnosis of the type of cyst. We applied the guidelines of the International Association of Pancreatology, with some modifications, in patients with mucinous or indeterminate lesions.  Results:  97 adult patients participated in the study. A cystic neoplasm of the pancreas was diagnosed in 82.5% of cases. Diagnosis was mainly made by magnetic resonance (46% of cases). The two most common diagnoses were intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (43.3%) and serous cystadenoma (26%). Twenty-nine patients underwent surgery (33.3%). The most common surgical procedure was distal pancreatectomy associated with splenectomy in 19 cases (65.5%). Among the operated patients, 11 were diagnosed with cancer. None of the followed, non-operated patients had a diagnosis of cancer.  Conclusions:  magnetic resonance showed good accuracy, particularly in the diagnosis of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. The guidelines of the International Association of Pancreatology, as applied in this study, showed a negative predictive value for cancer of 100%. A development of better diagnostic tests can reduce the number of unnecessary operations.

Non-inflammatory pancreatic cysts: from diagnosis to treatment (97 cases series)