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BACKGROUND   The  Nyssomyia  genus and  Lutzomyia  subgenus include medical important species that are Latin American leishmaniases vectors. Little is known about the phylogenetic relationships of closely-related species in each of these taxonomic groups that are morphologically indistinguishable or differentiated by very subtle details.OBJECTIVES   We inferred the phylogenetic relationships of closely-related species within both the  Nyssomyia  genus and the  Lutzomyia  subgenus using a cytochrome  c  oxidase subunit I ( COI ) fragment.    METHODS   The sampling was carried out from 11 Argentinean localities. For genetic analyses, we used GenBank sequences in addition to our sequences from Argentina. Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) genetic distance and nucleotide divergence ( Da ) was calculated between closely-related species of  Nyssomyia  genus,  Lutzomyia  subgenus and between clades of  Lutzomyia longipalpis  complex.    FINDINGS   The K2P and  Da  values within species of  Nyssomyia  genus and  Lutzomyia  subgenus were lower than the divergence detected between clades of  Lu. longipalpis  complex. The haplotype network analyses within  Lutzomyia  subgenus showed shared haplotypes between species, contrary to  Nyssomyia  genus with none haplotype shared. Bayesian inference within  Nyssomyia  genus presented structuring by species.    MAIN CONCLUSIONS   This study evidences the phylogenetic proximity among closely-related species within  Nyssomyia  genus and  Lutzomyia  subgenus. The  COI  sequences of  Nyssomyia neivai  derived from the present study are the first available in GenBank.

Phylogenetic relationships of closely-related phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of Nyssomyia genus and Lutzomyia subgenus