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This study aimed to determine the role of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and 16S rRNA methylase (ArmA) in  Acinetobacter baumannii  clinical isolates.METHODS:   We collected 100 clinical isolates of  A. baumannii  and identified and confirmed them using microbiological tests and assessment of the  OXA-51  gene. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using disk agar diffusion and micro-broth dilution methods. The presence of AME genes and  ArmA  was detected by PCR and multiplex PCR.RESULTS:   The most and least effective antibiotics in this study were netilmicin and ciprofloxacin with 68% and 100% resistance rates, respectively. According to the minimum inhibitory concentration test, 94% of the isolates were resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, and streptomycin, while the highest susceptibility (20%) was observed against netilmicin. The proportion of strains harboring the aminoglycoside resistance genes was as follows:  APH (3′)- VIa  ( aph A6) (77%),  ANT (2”)- Ia  ( aad B) (73%),  ANT (3”)- Ia  ( aad A1) (33%),  AAC (6′)- Ib  ( aac A4) (33%),  ArmA  (22%), and  AAC (3)- IIa  ( aac C2) (19%). Among the 22 gene profiles detected in this study, the most prevalent profiles included  APH (3′)- VIa  +  ANT (2”)- Ia  (39 isolates, 100% of which were kanamycin-resistant), and  AAC (3)- IIa  +  AAC (6′)- Ib  +  ANT (3”)- Ia  +  APH (3′)- VIa  +  ANT (2”)- Ia  (14 isolates, all of which were resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin).CONCLUSIONS:   High minimum inhibitory concentration of aminoglycosides in isolates with the simultaneous presence of AME- and ArmA-encoding genes indicated the importance of these genes in resistance to aminoglycosides. However, control of their spread could be effective in the treatment of infections caused by  A. baumannii.

revista da sociedade brasileira de medicina tropical

Role of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S rRNA methylase (ArmA) in resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates against aminoglycosides