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Methicillin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  (MRSA) is a common pathogen causing healthcare-associated infections. Owing to the restricted use of beta-lactams in MRSA infections, non-beta-lactam antimicrobials are required for treatment. However, MRSA can develop resistance mechanisms to non-beta-lactam antimicrobials, which reduces viable treatment options. Here, we evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance genes of MRSA isolated from hospitalized patients in South Brazil.METHODS:   The antimicrobial susceptibilities of hospital MRSA (217) isolates were determined by disk diffusion or microdilution methods. Additionally, the presence of 14 resistance genes and SCC mec  typing was performed by PCR.RESULTS:   Among the antimicrobials tested, we observed high erythromycin (74.2%), ciprofloxacin (64.5%), and clindamycin (46.1%) resistance rates and complete susceptibility to linezolid and vancomycin. Seventeen different patterns of MRSA antimicrobial resistance were observed, of which 42.9% represented multidrug resistance. Among erythromycin-resistant MRSA, 53.4%, 45.3%, 37.9%, 13.0%, and 6.8% carried  ermA ,  msrA ,  msrB ,  ermC , and  ermB  genes, respectively. Among clindamycin-resistant MRSA, 83%, 17%, 10%, 4%, and 2% carried  ermA ,  ermC ,  ermB ,  linA , and  linB  genes, respectively. Among gentamicin-resistant MRSA, 96.8%, 83.9%, and 9.7% carried  aac(6')/aph(2'') ,  aph(3’)-IIIa , and  ant(4’)-Ia  genes, respectively. Among tetracycline-resistant MRSA, 6.5% and 93.5% carried  tetK  and  tetM  genes, respectively. Lastly, among trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant MRSA, 13.3% and 100% carried  dfrA  and  dfrG  genes, respectively. The SCC mec  type IV isolates were detected more frequently, whereas the SCC mec  type III isolates exhibited higher multidrug resistance.CONCLUSIONS:   The study data provides information regarding the MRSA resistance profile in South Brazil that is associated with the clinical conditions of patients and can contribute to clinical decision-making.

Resistance profile to antimicrobials agents in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospitals in South Brazil between 2014-2019