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Despite their widespread usage, synthetic insecticides and larvicides are harmful for controlling disease-causing mosquitoes owing to the development of resistance. The leaves of  Eugenia astringens ,  Myrrhinium atropurpureum , and  Neomitranthes obscura  were collected from Marambaia and Grumari restingas. The safety and larvicidal efficacy of their extracts were tested against  Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti  L. and  Simulium (Chirostilbia) pertinax  Kollar.METHODS:   The dry leaves were subjected to static maceration extraction using 90% methanol.  A. aegypti  and  S. pertinax  larvae were exposed to 7.5, 12.5, and 25.0 µL/mL of the extracts (n= 30). The larvicidal activity after 24 h and 48 h, and the mortality, were determined. The median lethal concentration (CL 50 ) was estimated by a Finney's probit model.RESULTS:    M. atropurpureum  and  E. astringens  extracts exhibited the strongest larvicidal effects against  A. aegypti .  M. atropurpureum  extracts (25 µL/mL) caused mortalities of over 50% and 100% after 24 h and 48 h, respectively (CL 50  = 11.10 and 9.68 ppm, respectively).  E. astringens  extracts (25 µL/mL) caused mortalities of 50% and 63.33% after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. High concentrations of  N. obscura  extracts induced a maximum mortality of 46.66% in  A. aegypti  larvae after 48 h (CL 50 = 25 ppm). The larvae of  S. pertinax  showed 100% mortality following exposure to all the plant extracts at all the tested concentrations after 24 h.CONCLUSIONS:   The extracts of  M. atropurpuerum  exhibited the strongest larvicidal activity against  A. aegypti . The larvae of  S. pertinax  were sensitive to all the extracts at all the tested concentrations.

Larvicidal activity of plants from Myrtaceae against Aedes aegypti L. and Simulium pertinax Kollar (Diptera)