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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of enhancement of systemic circulation due to repetitive hot water bathing on work-related chronic shoulder-neck muscle pain. Eight female office workers reporting chronic shoulder-neck muscle pain used a bath additive, KYN, while they took baths at home for 2 weeks and then took baths without KYN for another 2 weeks. KYN contained CO2 generators and 3-octylphthalide that produced final concentrations of 100 ppm and 3 ppm in 150 L bath water, respectively. The effects of KYN were evaluated during and after the use of KYN using a visual analog scale (VAS), fatigue scores, muscle hardness, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), and the pressure pain threshold (PPT). During the use of KYN, VAS significantly decreased (p<0.05), as did fatigue score III expressing "sense of physical discomfort" (p<0.01) and muscle hardness (p<0.01). These indices expressed increases during the next 2 weeks of hot water baths without KYN. In conclusion, the effects of repetitive use of KYN were clarified by subjective and physiological parameters on work-related chronic shoulder-neck pain, and they could be ascribed to cumulative immediate enhancement of systemic circulation. Further studies are necessary to clarify the correlations among parameters and underlying mechanisms.

Effects of Hot Water Baths Containing Carbon Dioxide and 3-Octylphthalide on Work-Related Chronic Shoulder-Neck Muscle Pain