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Link-level and node-level blocking in photonic networks has been intensively investigated for several decades and theC/D/C approach to OXCs/ROADMs is often emphasized. However, this understanding will have to change in the future large traffic environment. We herein elucidate that exploiting node-level blocking can yield cost-effective large-capacity wavelength routing networks in the near future. We analyze the impact of link-level and node-level blocking in terms of traffic demand and assess the fiber utilization and the amount of hardware needed to develop OXCs/ROADMs, where the necessary number of link fibers and that of WSSs are used as metrics. We clarify that the careful introduction of nodelevel blocking is the more effective direction in creating future cost effective networks; compared to C/D/C OXCs/ROADMs, it offers a more than 70% reduction in the number ofWSSs while the fiber increment is less than ~2%. key words: networks, photonic network, wavelength routing, optical crossconnect, reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer

Assessment of Node- and Link- Level Blocking and Creating Cost-Effective Networks in the Era of Large Bandwidth Services