English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Since the release of standards on the Broadband Passive Optical Network (B-PON) [1], the advances in transmission technology have been significant. After the roughly 20 years from release of B-PON, PON access under the title of Next Generation Passive Optical Network (NG-PON2) reached 40Gbps in 2015 [2]. In many countries, the growth in the PON market has triggered the new deployment or replacement of copper access e.g., Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL). In 2016, the penetration rate of access at 10Mbps or more reached 24% in developed countries, but only 6% in developing countries [3]. There are countries where broadband access has reached the mature stage. For example, in Japan, PON service is now widespread as a best-effort type service for massive numbers of users. The coverage of households in Japan reached 98% in 2017, and the number of PON access users reached 29 million in 2017 and 33 million is expected in 2020 [4], [5]. As for standardization activities, discussions for 50Gbps or 100Gbps level PON have started in ITU-T and IEEE. These standards are expected not only for FTTH but also for new use cases such as the mobile front-haul for 5G networks. They are also expected to be applied to IoT networks and edge computing networks. In order to support these various networks, optical access networks must be flexible and scalable while meeting various demanding requirements. There are two key points to realize this. One is to ensure PON systems can cooperate with other network systems for network quality improvement, e.g., latency. Correlating PON standards with other network standards is the key to interoperability. The other

Standardization and Technology Trends in Optical, Wireless and Virtualized Access Systems