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This paper presents a system-level engineering approach for the preliminarycoverage performance analysis and the design of a generic Global NavigationSatellite System (GNSS) constellation. This analysis accounts for both thecoverage requirements and the robustness to transient or catastrophic failuresof the constellation. The European GNSS, Galileo, is used as reference case toprove the effectiveness of the proposed tool. This software suite, named GNSSCoverage Analysis Tool (G-CAT), requires as input the state vector of eachsatellite of the constellation and provides the performance of the GNSSconstellation in terms of coverage. The tool offers an orbit propagator, anattitude propagator, an algorithm to identify the visibility region on theEarth's surface from each satellite, and a counter function to compute how manysatellites are in view from given locations on the Earth's surface. Thanks toits low computational burden, the tool can be adopted to compute the optimalnumber of satellites per each orbital plane by verifying if the coverage andaccuracy requirements are fulfilled under the assumption of uniform in-planeangular spacing between coplanar satellites.

A System-Level Engineering Approach for Preliminary Performance Analysis and Design of Global Navigation Satellite System Constellations