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Water resources have great importance all over the world. Their study is necessary for planning agricultural production, hydrotechnical and hydropower facilities, schemes for the integrated use of water resources, drawing up water balances, planning work projects for the construction of water facilities, planning operation modes of reservoirs and much more. Hydrographic and hydrological observation on the territory of modern Uzbekistan, in particular, the study of the Amu Darya began in the 19th century. The paper considers the so-called Amu Darya expeditions organized by the Russian Empire after the conquest of a significant part of Central Asia. The author reveals the objectives of these expeditions, describes the progress of these studies, and also highlights their main results. It was shown that the task of these expeditions was to resolve the “Amu Darya issue”, that is, to search for a waterway from the Caspian Sea to the Amu Darya along one of the old river beds, called the Uzboy. Since the organization of such a waterway would solve many of the economic and military-strategic tasks of the empire in the conquered region.

HISTORY OF HYDROGRAPHICAL RESEARCHES ON THE AMU DARYA IN THE XIXTH CENTURY.