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Interactions of exploding and surrounding plasmas are studied with two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetic particle simulations, for a case in which the initial velocity of the exploding plasma is perpendicular to an external magnetic field. It is confirmed that essentially the same phenomena (the penetration of exploding ions, the formation of a strong magnetic-field pulse, and the generation of forward and reverse shock waves) as in the previous one-dimensional (1D) simulations occurred in the 2D simulation. Further, modified two-stream instabilities excited by relative cross-field motion between ions and electrons are investigated with attention to their effects on the 2D structure of the strong magnetic-field pulse and on ion reflection by the pulse.

Formation of Forward and Reverse Shock Waves in a Magnetized Plasma: Two-Dimensional Particle Simulations