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A filament driven multi-cusp negative hydrogen ion source has been developed for proton cyclotrons. In order to increase the H− beam current, the dependences of H− beam current on various design/operating parameters has been studied experimentally and numerically. In this paper, the effects of arc-discharge voltage and current on H− production via the volume production process are investigated by three-dimensional kinetic modeling of electrons in the source plasma and zero-dimensional rate equations. This numerical analysis reproduces the experimental results of H− beam current dependence on the arc-discharge condition, and also gives reasonable explanations for their characteristics.

Study of H<sup>−</sup> Production in DC H<sup>−</sup> Source of Medical Cyclotron