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By using a particle code including ionization and atomic processes, we investigated the ionization dynamics of carbon film irradiated by an intense laser pulse. We found two types of ionization dynamics, namely, a fast time scaleconvective propagation of the ionization front with C4+ triggered by induced plasma waves, and a slow front with C5+ and C6+ triggered by heated electrons due to non-local thermal conduction. Thus, ionization dynamics in solids werefound to evolve through multiple stages.

Multi-Stage Ionization Dynamics of Carbon Film Irradiated by High Power Lasers