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An intense, short-pulsed laser beam can accelerate a small flyer as fast as LEO (low earth orbit) satellite velocity. Using laser-accelerated flyers, we performed hyper-velocity impact tests as a simulation of orbital debris impact. Using a high-speed framing camera, we succeeded in observing the deformation and fracture behavior of a CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics) target. After the impact experiments, we investigated the damages to the target using an optical microscope, and observed delaminations as well as cracks along the carbon fibers using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). These results indicated the following impact fracture mechanism of CFRP laminates : (1) Spallations are caused by reflected tensile waves and the fracture surfaces similar to the crack-opening mode I are created. (2) Spalling cracks propagate along the direction of the carbon fibers and produce fracture surfaces of shear mode II or mixed-mode I⁄II. (3) Carbon fibers are kinked and broken by tension at the center of the spalling layer.

Studies of Material Responses to Dynamic Compression by Laser-Induced Shock Waves: Simulation of Orbital-Debris Impact Using Laser-Accelerated Flyer