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Melanization in appressoria is essential for the virulence of Pyricularia oryzae. Two types of enzyme, reductase and dehydratase, function in fungal melanin biosynthesis, and are good targets for developing rice blast control agents. PCBA and fthalide were developed in the 1960’s as the first melanin biosynthesis inhibitors followed by two more compounds, tricyclazole and pyroquilon in the 1970’s. Although the functions of these compounds have been unknown for a while, they were widely used as potent fungicides for rice blast disease in Japan. All compounds developed in the 1960’s and 1970’s were ascertained to be inhibitors of reductase for melanin biosynthesis (MBI-R). A new class of melanin biosynthesis inhibitors acting on dehydratase (MBI-D) has been anticipated for some time. Carpropamid {(1RS,3SR)-2,2-dichloro-N-[(R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-1-ethyl-3-methylcyclopropane-carboxamide}, the first MBI-D fungicide for rice blast disease was found in the 1980’s. The compound was registered in 1997 and launched on the market as the first MBI-D fungicide. Carpropamid has been widely used in Japan since 1998, because of its outstanding long-term control of rice blast disease. Subsequently, diclocymet and fenoxanil, compounds with the same mode of action as carpropamid, were developed in 2000 and 2001, respectively.

nippon nōyaku gakkaishi

Resistance buster compounds for MBI-D insensitive rice blast fungus&amp;mdash;Inquiry on effective compounds among derivatives of MBI-D fungicides&amp;mdash;