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Based chiefl y on nineteenth-century source materials, the paper seeks to recognise the state of preservation of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1887. This was largely accomplished through the analysis of photographs taken by Meydenlender. The Romanesque Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary1 is one of the most important architectural monuments of the late twelfth and early thirteenth-century Piast domain. Notwithstanding several redevelopments, including the twentieth-century attempts at the restoration of its original Romanesque form2, * A research project funded under the 2014-2019 programme of the Minister of Science and Higher Education (‘The National Programme for the Development of Humanities’), project no. 0046/NPRH3/H11/82/2014. 1 For the discussion on the invocation of the Inowrocław church and its derivatives, see M. Danielewski, Romańskie zabytki architektury sakralnej Inowrocławia i Strzelna w świetle fotografi i Meydenlendera z 1887 roku, Archiwa Biblioteki Muzea Kościelne 98 (2012), p 27. 2 J. Sikorska, Dzieje, zabytki, okolice, legendy, Inowrocław 1997, pp 65–67; Z. Świechowski, Architektura romańska w Polsce, Warszawa 2000, p 78. The 2011 alternation was the Historia Slavorum Occidentis 2015, nr 2(9) ISSN 2084–1213 DOI: 10.15804/hso150207 138 MARCIN DANIELEWSKI the structure is ranked as one of the pearls of medieval architecture of Kujawy. The church is noted for numerous stone reliefs that cover its external walls. A total of eighteen reliefs have been preserved until the present day3; thirteen of them decorate the north wall of the edifi ce. It is most unfortunate that some reliefs changed their original location following some restorations4. In this context, photographs from 1887 showing Blessed Virgin Mary’s Church in Inowrocław, which I have already discussed elsewhere5, take on an added signifi cance. Produced using photogrammetry, the photographic material furnishes valuable information on the architecture of the church. This paper seeks to evaluate the potentiality of the photographs for the assessment of the extent of alternations made to the structure from 1887 to 2011. He photographs were most likely taken by Regierungsrat Meydenlender, who came to Poznań from Berlin in August 1887. Sometime during his stay in Poland, Meydenlender visited Strzelno and Inowrocław in order to document selected architectural monuments (Holy Cross Rotunda and the Monastery Church of the Holy Trinity and the Blessed Virgin Mary in Strzelno, and the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Inowrocław)6. For scholars, the author of the photographs has remained an almost anonymous fi gure. There is, however, a striking similarity between the name Meydenlender and last major interference into the original structure of the northern wall. I have published my critical comments on the redevelopment in research journals and popular magazines, see M. Danielewski, Reliefy z murów kościoła Panny Marii w Inowrocławiu, Roczniki Historyczne 77 (2011), pp 29, 33; I. Słojewska, Czy uda się złamać kod?, [interview] Czwarty Wymiar 1 (2013), p 18. 3 A dozen or so research papers have discussed the reliefs from the Church of the Blessed Mary the Virgin. For the recent analyses of the images on the reliefs, see e.g., Z. Sroka, Zagrożenia i lęki średniowiecznych inowrocławian (problematyka płaskorzeźb i rytów na kościele pod wezwaniem Imienia Najświętszej Marii Panny w Inowrocławiu), Materiały do Dziejów Kultury i Sztuki Bydgoszczy i Regionu 6 (2001), pp 106-122; K. Hewner, Funkcja rzeźb i rytów na murach romańskiego kościoła pw. Imienia NMP w Inowrocławiu, Ziemia Kujawska 17 (2004), pp 213-217. Figures were collated in a table in a 2011 paper, see M. Danielewski, Reliefy, pp 11-13 (Table 1). 4 Ibid., pp 29-31, 32, 33. 5 Ibid., pp 9, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33; M. Danielewski, Romańskie zabytki, pp 27-36, 38-39, 42-44; idem, Fotografi e z 1887 roku jako źródło ikonografi czne do badań nad romańską architekturą sakralną Strzelna, [in:] Z dziejów pogranicza kujawsko-wielkopolskiego, vol. 3, ed. D. Karczewski, [in press]. 6 See M. Danielewski, Romańskie zabytki, pp 29-30 for a comprehensive bibliography cited therein and nineteenth-century sources covering Meydenlender’s stay in Poznań. 139 PHOTOGRAPHS FROM 1887. NEW SOURCES FOR THE STUDY... the name of a fi gure noted for his engagement in the fi eld of photogrammetry. Albrecht Meydenbauer, from 1885 the director of the Royal Prussian Institute of Photogrammetry established in Berlin, made a major contribution to the development of photogrammetry in Germany7. The Institute of Photogrammetry managed to record over 2600 architectural structures8. It is therefore not beyond the bounds of possibility that the name ‘Meydenlender’ was misspelled in Kurier Poznański9. In November 2014 and March 2015, I carried out some queries in the archives of Berlin, but in our present state of knowledge, this issue is still unresolvable. Therefore, in this paper I use the original name ‘Meydenlender’, as spelled in Kurier Poznański, hoping that further queries and research will unravel the mystery surrounding the author of the photographs. If confi rmed, the attribution of the authorship to A. Meydenbauer would be a real research revelation. The photographs from 1887 were hitherto largely neglected in the subject literature. The photographic material pertaining to the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Inowrocław was used by an art historian from Toruń, Jerzy Frycz, to illustrate his 1975 and 1982 publications. Frycz published fi ve of the six photographs relevant to my studies10. In his work on the restoration of Romanesque architecture, Antoni Szymkowski included a photograph showing the south-west view of the church. Neither researcher knew the name of the author or the year the photographs were taken11. Szymkowski mistakenly took the photograph for material illustrating the church in Inowrocław after the First World War12. The authors were apparently unfamiliar 7 Some questions regarding Albrecht Meydenbauer have been addressed in several research papers, e.g. R. Meyer, Albrecht Meydenbauer – Baukunst in historischen Fotografi en, Leipzig 1985; J. Albertz, Albrecht Meydenbauer – pioneer of photogrammetric documentation of the cultural heritage, [in:] Proceedings 18th International Symposium CIPA, ed. J. Albertz, Potsdam 2001, pp 19-25; A. Siuciak, Biblioteka Muzeum Zamkowego w Malborku, Forum Bibliotek Medycznych 6 (2013), no. 1, pp 251-253. 8 J. Butowitt, R. Kaczyński, Fotogrametria, Warszawa 2010, pp 13-14. 9 Kurier Poznański 16 (17 August 1887), no. 186. 10 J. Frycz, Restauracja i konserwacja zabytków architektury w Polsce w latach 1795–1918, Warszawa 1975, p 256; idem, Architektura i sztuka Inowrocławia, [in:] Dzieje Inowrocławia, vol. II, ed. M. Biskup, Warszawa 1982, fi g. 7 p 425, fi g. 8 p 426, fi g. 10 p 428, fi g. 16 p 442. 11 This problem was thoroughly discussed in my 2012 paper, see M. Danielewski, Romańskie zabytki, pp 33-35. 12 A. Szymkowski, Problemy konserwacji zabytków architektury romańskiej kręgu kujawsko -wielkopolskiego, Zapiski Kujawsko-Dobrzyńskie. Series C. Oświata i Kultura (1980), p 71. 140 MARCIN DANIELEWSKI with the entire collection of Meydenlender’s photographs, which also comprises photos of architectural monuments from Strzelno and Poznań. Consisting of sixteen photographs, the collection that provides a basis for my studies is housed in the Iconographic Laboratory of the University Library in Poznań. I came across the photographs in 201113. A similar, yet more numerous set (containing twenty-eight photos) is kept in the Museum of the City of Poznań14. Both collections were presented in detail in my 2012 paper15. The collection under study includes six photographs of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Inowrocław, nine photos documenting the Romanesque structures from Strzelno and one showing the Convent of the Dominican Sisters of St Catherine in Poznań. Most important for my analyses are six photographs, numbered from 519 to 52416. The numbers are to be found on the back of the photos, along with several other numberings and the stamp of the Berlin photogrammetric offi ce with a yearly date 1906 and the signature: Kgl. Pr. Messbild – Anstalt Berlin W. 56. Schinkelp. 6.17They were probably assigned to photographs in the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Bibliothek. The photographs pertaining to my analyses show: the church from the south-west (519), the church from the north-west (520), the north wall of the structure (521), its southern wall (522), the gallery and the inside view of the towers (523), an inside view of the presbytery (524)18. Besides being of great signifi cance for the study of the architecture of the church, the photographs amply illustrate the alternations made to the structure throughout the past hundred years or so. Four dates are probably of key signifi cance for the study of the architecture of the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In 1834, the edifi ce was burnt 13 I am deeply indebted to Jakub Skutecki, an employee of the University Library in Poznań, who was of great assistance to me in localising the collection. 14 The collection of the photographs from the Museum of the City of Poznań was fairly thoroughly examined in 2004, see M. Mrugalska-Banaszak, Jeden dzień z Ratuszem w tle. Poznań 13 sierpnia 1887, Poznań 2004; eadem, Od Brauna i Hogenberga do radcy rejencyjnego Meydenlendera. Wizerunki ratusza z 1618-1887, Kronika Miasta Poznania (2004), no 2, pp 250-258. 15 M. Danielewski, Romańskie zabytki, pp 31-33. 16 Pracownia Ikonografi czna Oddziału Zbiorów Specjalnych Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu [Iconographic Laboratory of the Special Collections Department of the University Library in Poznań] (hereafter PIOZS BUPń), no 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524. 17 Ibid. 18 Ibid. 141 PHOTOGRAPHS FROM 1887. NEW SOURCES FOR THE STUDY... down and fell into disrepair19. It was rebuilt in the years 1900-190220. Some alternations made to the church at the tim

PHOTOGRAPHS FROM 1887. NEW SOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE ROMANESQUE CHURCH OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY IN INOWROCŁAW