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traintestinal diseases, sometimes leading to morbidity and mortality. The aim of this work was to study of genetic diversity and assess of pathogenic potential of commensal E. coli isolated from healthy adults in Saint Petersburg. 300 E. coli strains were collected from fecal samples of 50 St. Petersburg’s inhabitants. E. coli strains were isolated using Endo agar and identified by biochemical tests. Determination of four major phylogenetic groups and identification of virulence genes were performed by using real-time, multiplex and simplex PCR. Seven genes typical for ExPEC (fimH, pap, sfa, aer, afa, cnf1, hlyA) were identified among the analyzed strains. The B2 phylogroup (47.1%) was leading among other groups: A (20.5%), B1 (9.0%) and D (23.4%). Each strain had at least one virulence gene. No strain had all seven studied genes simultaneously. The maximum number of genes in one strain was five. The prevalence of virulence genes was as follows: fimH (98.0%), pap (25.0%), sfa (8.0%), aer (33.8%), afa (5.6%), cnf1 (11.0%), hlyA (10.0%). The strains of groups B2 and D harbored the virulence determinants significantly more frequently then the strains of groups A and B1. Our results showed that E. coli isolated from adults differ in their phylogenetic structure and harbour a greater variety of virulence genes. Our study revealed that commensal E. coli isolated from healthy humans constitute a substantial reservoir of genes related to the extraintestinal pathotypes. All seven tested virulence genes typical for ExPEC were detected and it’s important that the prevalence of these genes was significantly higher among the isolates from healthy adults. So, the extraintestinal virulence genes (encoding the adhesins, toxins, persistence) were found not only in pathogens, but also in commensal microflora of healthy people. Previous reports indicated that virulence genes associated with extraintestinal pathogenesis in fact help the E. coli strains to colonize the human gut; therefore, they may be considered as a fitness factor and the virulence is a coincidental side effect.

EXPRESS METHOD OF GROWING BACTERIA ON THE MEMBRANE OF ANODIC ALUMINIUM OXIDE