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it causes a range of illnesses from hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) to severe neurological manifestations. EV-A71 strains have been phylogenetically classified into genogroups: A to G. Whereas canonical genogroups B and C have been reported worldwide, new genogroups E and F were recently identified in Africa and Madagascar, respectively. The recent identification of the new Genogroups E and F raised the question of their cross-antigenicity and immunogenicity with the canonical ones. We compared antigenic and immunogenic features of EV-A71 strains, which belong to the canonical (B-C) and the new (E-F) genogroups. The level of cross-protection induced by a given EV-A71 genogroup against viruses of other genogroups was estimated using a seroneutralization assay with human and rabbit sera, as well as a mouse monoclonal antibody. Neutralization assays performed with diverse standardized human, rabbit, and mouse anti-EV-A71 sera or antibodies successfully neutralized all available isolates indicating a broad overall cross-antigenicity between the canonical genogroups B and C and the newly described genogroup E and F. By using collections of human sera from Cambodian patients with neutralizing antibodies against EV-A71 genogroup C, we evaluated the epidemiological risk of a population affected by a canonical EV-A71 genogroup from being protected against the new genogroups E and F. All human sera showed rather similar cross-neutralization activities between isolates of genogroups B, C, E and F. Taken together, our results indicate that the antigenic features of all tested genogroups are quite similar among the serotype EV-A71. They also suggest that the neutralizing antibody response induced by strains of the canonical genogroups B and C is likely to be protective against the new genogroups E and F. Our findings provides valuable informations in terms of public health and EV-A71 vaccine development.

CLINICAL-LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF INFLUENZA INFECTION IN HOSPITALIZED ADULT PATIENTS IN THE EPIDEMIC SEASON 2017–2018