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Research on the issues of lay people residing permanently or temporarily in the vicinity of the grand masters and other Teutonic dignitaries and officials in the monastic state in Prussia in the 14th and 15th centuries remains only in the initial phase; however, luckily, there are plenty of sources through which the analysis is possible. Dieners were a characteristic and (in different periods) diversified group, which in this context may be captured. However, it is not at all easy to define precisely a group of people who, in the accounts written and edited in the late medieval Teutonic state in Prussia, hid under such a defini­ tion. The German historian Bernhart Jähnig, recapitulating 16 years ago the state of knowledge about those who appeared in the circle of grand masters in Malbork, recognized that this group included young people from knightly families who decided to serve the head of the Order for some time. During the time of their service, they acquired political experience at the court of the grand masters, but they remained in a secular state and did not join the group of Teutonic knights. The same researcher also included in the group of dieners the following professions: lawyers, doctors, builders, painters, guards, cooks, writers appearing in the vicinity of the Order’s superiors1.

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Dieners in the Service of the Teutonic Order in Prussia in the Second Half of the 14th Century – the First Half of the 15th Century: the Group Size, Maintenance, Accommodation (English)