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It can lead to aspiration of contents of stomach, water and electrolyte disorders, hypovolemia, delayed discharge, rehospitalization, higher hospital costs and lower patient satisfaction [1]. It also seems that tonsillectomy stimulates the labyrinth, and subsequently chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) which is located next to it and exacerbates nausea and vomiting. Therefore, its control is of great importance [2]. The incidence of this complication is related to several factors such as the type of surgery, the technique and the type of drugs used in anaesthesia, as well as post-operative factors such as pain, movement and the use of narcotics. Drugs such as antihistamines, butyrophenones, dopamine and serotonin and benzodiazepine antagonists, etc. are used to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting, each of which has its own benefits and side effects such as excessive sedation, dry mouth, hypotension, dysphoria, hallucinations, and extrapyramidal symptoms. Additionally, the high price of some of these drugs such as serotonin antagonists has made the use of these drugs difficult. Steroids, especially dexamethasone, can reduce nausea and vomiting by directly affecting the respiratory centre as well as inhibition of chemical mediators. In addition, drugs such as anticholinergics and anti-serotonins are effective in controlling this disorder [3]. This annoying problem (nausea and vomiting) can be reduced by replacing intravenous anaesthesia with inhalational anaesthesia and taking medications. However, despite the use of new anaesthetics and antiemetic drugs, the incidence of this complication remains high.

A comparative investigation of the effect of ondansetron and dexamethasone in tonsillectomy of children aged 6-10 in Shahrood hospitals