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Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world, mainly in young children, elderly and immune-compromised patients. They also contribute with a great burden to the health systems regarding medical attendance and hospital admissions. According to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010, ARI is the fourth cause of mortality worldwide, with more than two million deaths annually [1]. Among children under five years-old, ARI was the leading cause of death in 2016 [2]. Respiratory viruses are the main etiology of respiratory illness throughout the world [3,4], 90% of ARI are estimated to be related with viruses [5]. Among these viruses, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) play predominant role, causing high morbidity and mortality, mostly affecting individuals aged < 5 and ≥ 65 years and persons with underlying medical conditions, including HIV infection [6-9]. Since ancient times influenza viruses have caused large epidemics and pandemics in the world; the last one in 2009 caused more than 500,000 deaths. It is one of the most contagious diseases by its high mutation capacity [10].

Influence of climatic variability and respiratory viruses on the burden of medically attended acute respiratory infections in Cuba