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Monocrotophos [dimethyl-[E]-1-methyl-2-(methyl carbamoyl) vinyl phosphate, MCP] and quinalphos [O,O-diethyl-o-(2-quinoxymethyl)-phosphorothionate, QNP] are highly toxic, broad spectrum and cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides which are extensively used in agriculture and household. Acute and chronic exposure of these pesticides has adverse effects on living organisms. Present study was carried out to evaluate the genotoxic potential of these pesticides using comet assay and micronucleus assay in rats and also to analyze the protective effects of melatonin. Both acute and chronic exposure caused DNA damage in rat tissues and lymphocytes as evident from the statistically significant increase in DNA damage index on pesticide exposure. However the co-treatment of melatonin decreased the damage index to significant levels. At the same time, statistically significant number of micronuclei was observed in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in the bone marrow of rats treated with pesticides when compared to control group but the co-treatment of melatonin decreased the number of micronucleated PCE in the pesticide treated rats. Hence, the co treatment of melatonin has the ability to reduce the genotoxic potential of MCP and QNP under the experimental conditions applied in the present study.

Evaluation of genotoxicity of monocrotophos and quinalphos in rats and protective effects of melatonin