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Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States with no known methods to cure, reverse or halt disease progression. The “metal hypothesis” states that Cu, Fe, Zn and Al bind to truncated beta amyloid (Aβ) peptides and form soluble oligomers which deposit as senile plaques. These plaques play a crucial role in AD pathogenesis. For example, metallated-Aβ aggregates are hypothesized to disrupt membranes or generate a reactive oxygen species (ROS) through redox cycling in the presence of Cu or Fe and a reducing agent. ROS can lead to weakened synaptic signaling and neuronal cell death. In addition, the ratio of the metal:Aβ can form a variety of metallated-Aβ species which are both soluble and neurotoxic. Neurotoxicity can depend on the size of the metallated-Aβ species as well as the type of metal present. For example, some studies suggest that Cu ions inhibit aggregation and fibrillation reactions induced by Zn ions and may therefore be neuroprotective in this scenario. Regardless to the contradicting roles of metals, the most convincing piece of evidence supporting a link between metal homeostasis and the two pathological processes (Aβ1-42 aggregation and oxidative damage) comes from chelation studies showing solubilization of Aβ1-42 deposits and clinical improvement of patients with AD. Studies suggest control of metal imbalances as well as Aβ1-42 concentrations are important Eleanor K. Adams ©M. Mackiewicz Research Group 3 “disease-modifying strategies”. Here we will present studies utilizing well-known metal ion capture agents, metallodithiolates or NiN2S2 ligands, as chelators to reverse Aβ1-42 aggregation. Fluorescence anisotropy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy studies will show that interactions of Aβ with metal ions are reversible with metallodithiolate ligands. These studies will show that metallodithiolates might be a new class of ligands for reversing metal-induced Aβ aggregation and a potential disease modifying strategy.

Metallodithiolate Ligands for the Reversal of Metal Ion Induced Beta Amyloid Aggregation