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Alchemy is one of the longest lived ideas in intellectual history and one of the most habitually misunderstood. Until the 1950s historians of science considered alchemy to be pseudoscience or a facet of magic. Since than historians of alchemy have produced a considerable body of work that is mostly concerned with opposing the pseudo-scientific reputation of alchemy and instead establishing its scientific character. Alchemists made significant contributions to chemistry, theology, and medicine. Alchemy itself influenced art, literature, and pop culture. The current literature on alchemy lacks one component, a study of the source of alchemy’s association with magic and relegation to pseudoscience. This research endeavors to contribute to the growing body of research on the history of alchemy by addressing this void. This research concludes that alchemy’s association with the supernatural and pseudoscientific occurred during the process of its translation and transmission from Arabic scientific texts to Latin in the high medieval period. Translation and Transformation: Uncovering the Source of Alchemy’s Association with Magic Through a Study of its Translation into Latin in the High Medieval Period By Morgan Taylor Greer A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS WITH HONORS in HISTORY Portland State University 2017 To my mother and grandfather, without whom this would not have been possible.

Translation and Transformation: Uncovering the Source of Alchemy’s Association with Magic Through a Study of its Translation into Latin in the High Medieval Period