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An abstract of the thesis of George Washington Batten III for the Master of Science in Biology presented February 19, 2010. Title: Bio geography of the American Pika ( Ochotona princeps) in Oregon and Southern Washington: Illuminating Genetic Relationships Among Disjunct Populations. The American pika ( Ochotona princeps) finds moderately warm temperatures (>25°C) lethally stressful, and at the end of the last Ice Age 10,000 years ago was forced to disperse to cooler, "sky island" mountaintops where they are almost exclusively found today. Thirty six subspecies are recognized, all established using morphological characters, and it is uncertain whether these subspecies' designations are corroborated by genetic analyses. This study elucidates three hypotheses regarding populations in Oregon and southern Washington: 1) 0. p. fumosa constitutes a subspecies distinct form 0. p. brunnescens, 2) the Columbia River constitutes a barrier to gene flow giving rise to two subspecies rather than the single subspecies 0. p. brunnescens, and 3) populations in eastern Oregon ( 0. p. jewetti and 0. p. taylori) are genetically distinct from populations in the Cascade Range ( 0. p. brunnescens and 0. p. fumosa). Genetic sequence data from cytochrome b and the control region of the mitochondrial genome were analyzed using both genetic distance and Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian criteria. Ochotona princeps fumosa was not shown to be a monophyletic clade, refuting hypothesis 1. Populations of 0. p. brunnescens north of the Columbia River were not found to be reciprocally monophyletic with 0. p. brunnescens south of the Columbia River, refuting hypothesis 2. Eastern populations and western populations were reciprocally monophyletic and exhibited genetic distances ranging from 5.2 8.55%. Further support for hypothesis 3 was given by differing alarm calls: single syllable in the west, double syllable in the east. Genetic analyses did not corroborate current subspecies designations, suggesting further research to determine the genetically most diverse populations. Given the sensitivity of pikas to warming temperatures, this research should be done soon.

Biogeography of the American Pika (Ochotona princeps) in Oregon and Southern Washington : illuminating genetic relationships among disjunct populations