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A lack of land use controls on sexually oriented businesses contributes to the unique configuration of Portland, Oregon’s strip clubs: nearly fifty clubs are distributed throughout the city’s neighborhoods. Considered a locally unwanted land use (LULU) by many, these strip clubs are regulated by a variety of formal and informal social processes in the absence of zoning. This qualitative study explores drivers and constraints shaping the spatial configuration of Portland’s strip club industry as well as influences on land use conflict at strip club sites and working conditions for women who work as exotic dancers in the clubs. Data collection entailed review of documents (newspaper articles, legal and administrative decisions and records, and ballot measure pro/con statements); site observations; and in-person interviews with exotic dancers, strip club owners and managers, public employees who deal with strip clubs in their line of work, and people who live and work near strip clubs (n=43). Analysis follows Clarke’s (2005) situational analysis methods. The study finds that strip clubs are not necessarily incompatible with residential locations and that such locations can confer benefits to dancers. The normalization of strip clubs in Portland decreases the place stigma associated with strip clubs but has a lesser impact on the person stigma of being an exotic dancer. With regard to land use conflict, the study finds that tolerance of sexual commerce is associated with urbanicity and that neighborhood socioeconomic status has a more complex relationship to community response than is suggested by ii the literature on land use conflict. Based on these findings, the dissertation argues that conflict resolution programs may be more effective than zoning at managing potential negative effects of sexually oriented businesses, and that improving working conditions for exotic dancers is a complex challenge. It proposes broader adoption of the sex work discourse, including the integration of labor issues in sex industry to advocacy efforts on behalf of other freelance and service sector workers. iii Acknowledgments I am deeply appreciative of the time and assistance of the participants in my study, who shared their experiences to help me answer my questions about our community. I am also indebted to the people and programs that nudged me along the path to completing this dissertation. I am especially grateful to have received this support from my dissertation committee. My chair Sy Adler has been patient, pragmatic, and deeply generous with his time and wisdom. The rest of the bunch— Carl Abbott, Lisa K. Bates, Paula Carder, Margaret Everett, and Stephanie Wahab— have shared myriad gifts, including but not limited to curiosity, creativity, humor, collegiality, and problem-solving acumen. Perhaps most valuable has been everyone’s relentless positivity, which enabled me to drag myself into their offices for help when I was feeling less than sparkling about my work. I am also appreciative of the rest of the faculty and staff of the School of Urban Studies and Planning and the School of Community Health, including my field exam committee members Ellen Bassett and Karen Gibson, whose approachability and commitment to student learning have made it easier to see myself as a scholar. And a million thank-you’s to the rest of my honor roll . . . Conduct field observations Callahan, for going above and beyond the call of duty to transcribe, proofread, tolerate kvetching, and wait endlessly. Smart girls Lauren Larin and Nicole Iroz-Elardo, for support, camaraderie, ingenuity, volunteer transcription, and opportunities to grow together. And the iv smart women we’re trailing after, for being real and fun people to follow: Loulie Brown, Maria Gilson deValpine, Meg Merrick, and Andree Tremoulet. The Community Research Group and the Urban Studies Writing Interest Group, my communities of scholars and cheerleaders. Claire Smith, for volunteer transcription. The hired hands whose professional talents helped keep me moving when momentum waned: Mary Ann Cincotta, Stacey Kirk, and Katie Van Heest. The various employers and underwriters who have enabled my long tenure at the university: the American Public Health Association Environment Section; the Association of American Geographers Urban Geography Specialty Group; Anne, Jack, Margaret, Mary Ann Spellman, and W. Patrick McGrath; the Multnomah County Health Department; the CDRC and HIV programs at Oregon Health and Science University; the Academically-controlled Auxiliary Activities Fund, Artisan Economy Project, Center for Academic Excellence, Feedback Between Urban Studies and the Environment project, Marie Brown Travel Fund, Oregon Laurels Scholarship Program, Oregon Sports Lottery Scholarship, Portland Edge Scholarship, Population Research Center, School of Community Health, School of Urban Studies and Planning, and University Studies Program at Portland State University; Stephanie Rosselli; and the USDA Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. v Table of

Neighboring in Strip City: A Situational Analysis of Strip Clubs, Land Use Conflict, and Occupational Health in Portland, Oregon