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A synthesis is made of simple dynamics with a wide variety of observations to produce a zero-order approximate analytical spectral description of low-frequency oceanic variability in the Northern Hemisphere oceans. Because the spatial inhomogeneity is so great, one must account for it at lowest order, rendering a power density spectrum only a first step toward to a full statistical description. The fundamental hypothesis is that there exists, for each vertical mode of variability, n, a function F(k, l, v ,n ,f, l), where (k, l) are local horizontal wavenumbers; v is frequency; and (f, l) are latitude and longitude, respectively, and that can, as a first approximation, be represented in a simple factored form. Data from altimetry, moored current and temperature sensors, acoustic tomography, and XBTs are used to find a first guess form forF(k, l, v ,n ,f, l), which is at least semiquantitatively accurate. A useful model spectrum proves to be representable as a product of separate factors for wavenumber, frequency, mode number, and a function of latitude and longitude. The results raise dynamical questions concerning the forms that emerge, and present a challenge for improvement of the representation by existing and future observations. Numerous improvements can be made to the detailed structure. A number of illustrative applications are then made, including calculation of an unobserved spectrum (velocity wavenumber) and the detection of climate-scale shifts in ocean property fluxes.

Spectral description of low frequency oceanic variability