English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Spinal anesthesia involves the induction of reversible motor function and sensation loss into the subarachnoid space using small amounts of local anesthetic [1]. This anesthesia provider places the needle in the adult patient in a position below L2 to avoid spinal cord trauma [2]. It gave a perfect condition of operation for: surgical protocol below the umbilicus, gynecologic/obstetric procedures of uterus and perineum, hernia repairs, genitourinary procedures, orthopedic procedures from the hip downward [3]. Patients with severe dehydration or hypovolemic should not be subjected to spinal anesthesia[4]. Patients under spinal anesthetic should be preloaded with 1-1.5 liters of a crystalloid solution, such as ringers lactate, immediately prior to the block [5]. Advantages of this type of anesthesia include; easy to perform, reliable, gave good operating conditions for the surgeon, it is inexpensive than general anesthesia, normal gastrointestinal function returns faster with spinal anesthesia [6-8]. Patients maintain a patent airway, a decrease in pulmonary complications compared to general anesthesia, and a decreased incidence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism formation compared to general anesthesia [9].The side effects of spinal anesthesia have recently been the area of interest [10]. These complications can affect patients’ satisfaction following surgery and duration of hospitalization [11]. Therefore, factors that lead to increased risk side effects must be identified for better patients management after surgery, one of these factors is gender [12]. This study evaluated the relationship between gender and adverse effects including nausea, vomiting, shivering, agitation, tachycardia, bradycardia, hypotension, hypertension, complete spinal block, surgical site pain, bradypnae, headache, back pain, pain during injection of anesthetic, urinary retention, hypothermia, drowsiness and subdural hematoma after spinal anesthesia. Abstract

Comparison of Complications between Gender during Spinal Anesthesia