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Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been proposed as vehicles for the sensitization of T cells by decreasing their activation threshold. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) activated in vitro may express molecules normally associated with antigen presenting cells (APCs). May NETs contain costimulatory molecules? We perform the generation of NETs in autologous leukocytes cultures, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or ovalbumin (OVA). We marked of B7-1(CD80) and B7-2(CD86) costimulatory molecules. In LPS and OVA assays CD80 was found colocalized with CD86 in the released NETs at 30 min. In LPS assay at 120 min CD80 and CD86 colocalized with neutrophil elastase (NE) in NETs. These costimulatory molecules were detected on the cell surface at 30 min and 24 h but not in the control paired blood samples. In OVA assays fewer NETs were observed. We generated Monocyte-macrophage Lymphocytic Rosettes (MLRs) with OVA stimulation. A higher number of MLRs was formed in samples with presence of CD80 and CD86 in NETs. The expression of costimulatory molecules in NETs would allow PMNs to exert function as APCs and modulatory functions of various subpopulations of T cells. The presence of CD80 and CD86 in NETs could influence the cell environment through the B7-1/B7-2:CD28/CTLA-4 pathway. This is the first communication of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules in NETs.

Costimulatory Molecules CD80 and CD86 Colocalized in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)