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Purpose: The purpose of the study is to identify whether children with and without SLI show differences in performance on each subtype of executive functioning and grammatical judgment task, whether these factors correlate with each other, and whether these subtypes of executive functioning predict children's meta-linguistic awareness skills measured by a grammaticality judgment task. Methods: Forty children (SLI 16, NL 24) between the ages of 5 and 6 participated in this study. The experimental tasks were working memory (CLPT: Competing Language Processing Task/ Matrix backward), SST (Stop Signal Task), DCCS (Dimensional Change Card Sort), and GJT (Grammatical Judgment Task). For data analysis, repeated measure of ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression were used. Results: There were significant differences on all tasks except non-linguistic working memory (Matrix backward) between the two groups. The strongest predictor of GJT (Grammatical condition) was linguistic WM (CLPT), and it was the SST (GO) task which significantly predicted GJT (Un-grammatical condition) in the NL group. However, in the SLI group, there was no variable which correlated with GJT. Conclusions: The results indicated that non-linguistic WM capacity was comparable between groups, and linguistic WM (CLPT), SST (GO) were important factors in the preschool-age NL group in which this trend was not found in the SLI group. It is necessary to plan to completely link each executive function such as working memory, inhibitory control, and shifting in clinical sessions to improve the language skills of children with language impairment.

Grammatical Meta-Linguistic Awareness and Executive Functioning Skills in Preschool-Age Children with and without Specific Language Impairment