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Generally, the synthesis of proteins in bacteria as well as in eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts starts with formyl-methionine (fMet). The formyl group of Met is subsequently removed by ribosome-associated peptide deformylase (PDF) during translational elongation. The function of the transient formylation of the initiator Met residue, beyond enhancing the interaction with translation initiation factors, has remained enigmatic. Varshavsky and colleagues now report, in the current issue of Microbial Cell , that fMet is a determinant of a novel N-terminal degradation signal (N-degron) that targets nascent proteins for degradation in Escherichia coli by a new branch of the bacterial N-end rule pathway, termed the fMet/N-end rule pathway [1].

Starting with a degron: N-terminal formyl-methionine of nascent bacterial proteins contributes to their proteolytic control