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Objective : The purpose of this article is to evaluate the adequacy of the present theoretical knowledge relating to divestments and de-internationalization in the context of explaining the backshoring phenomenon â€“ a relatively new, but gaining in importance specific behaviour of companies in the process of internationalization. Research, Design & Methods : The paper discusses various aspects of contemporary processes of internationalization. The employed research design is qualitative â€“ the study has been based on conclusions drawn from critical literature studies. Findings: Although backshoring shares some common characteristics with the concepts of de-internationalization and international divestments, there are several noticeable differences: e.g. both de-internationalization and international divestments are rather related to wholly owned subsidiaries, while backshoring includes both activities outsourced to companyâ€™s foreign suppliers and to its subsidiaries. Implications & Recommendations: It is necessary to develop new concepts that in aÂ holistic way will define the decision-making process of enterprises which use de-internationalization and backshoring of business processes as part of their long-term internationalization strategies. The article indicates some dependencies and issues that must be considered in formulating new theoretical proposals. Contribution & Value Added: The originality of this study lies in the in-depth analysis of the similarities and differences between the processes of de-internationalization/international divestments and backshoring. Â  Â  Â  Â

Backshoring in Light of the Concepts of Divestment and De-internationalization: Similarities and Differences