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Uncertain nature of renewable energy sources like solar irradiation poses a serious concern of loss of power supply reliability. Battery energy storage (BES) system helps in improving system reliability by storing surplus energy generated and supplying the load in case of energy deficit. Thus BES allows improvement of microgrid performance and reduces operational cost by increasing the utilization of renewable energy sources. This paper presents an energy management strategy (EMS) to dictate the power flow among photovoltaic (PV) panels, BES and the load considering a proposed time-of-use (TOU) pricing as the control factor. Its efficacy in improving power supply reliability as well as power quality issues of a 69-bus radial distribution system (RDS) is evaluated from technical performance indices like power loss, voltage deviation index and security margin and economic performance considering costs of power import from the grid and active power loss and financial benefit from battery discharge. Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA), is used to optimize the sizes and placements of three PV-BES units to minimize an objective function aptly formulated combining the technical performance indices using weighted sum method. The results are contrasted against another two cases of with only PV and without PV and BES integration. Finally, the proposed system is analysed from economic perspective and the benefits obtained are compared. The results are evident of both technical and economic advantages of integrating both PV and BES units at optimal locations (load bus). The optimization results obtained from GOA have been compared with that from Genetic Algorithm (GA). GOA proves to be fast, effective and reliable in resolving power flow optimization problem.

Analysis of Photovoltaic & Battery Energy Storage System Impacts on Electric Distribution System Efficacy