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Maize-straw biochar (BC) was applied in a black soil area in Northeast China for investigating its effects on crop yield, soil physical properties and nitrifying bacteria. In this study, BC forms BC1, BC2 and BC3 were incorporated at levels of 15.75, 31.50 and 47.25 t ha, respectively, from 2013 to 2014. The control soil was treated with chemical fertilizer (NPK). The results showed that yields of soybean were significantly improved overall due to BC applications, compared with the control. Meanwhile, average soil compaction values of 0 – 20 cm deep soil were decreased from 17.9% to 47.4%. Biochar supplementation decreased the soil wilting coefficients, but increased saturated water content. The available soil water content increased from 0.211 to 0.329 cm cm (R = 0.97), whereas the bulk density decreased from 1.42 to 1.40 g cm (R = 0.97) in response to BC supplementation. Unexpectedly, soybean yields began to decline at 31.50 and 47.25 t ha of BC application. as well as soil aggregate stability, available water content, and capillary pores, mainly. Moreover, the BC supplementation significantly affected soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) abundance. These results demonstrate that BC has positive potential for enhancing crop and soil properties performances in black soil at the level of 15.75 t ha under continuous soybean system.

EFFECT OF VARIOUS LEVELS OF BIOCHAR INCORPORATION ON SOYBEAN YIELDS, PHYSICAL QUALITY AND NITRIFYING BACTERIA OF BLACK SOIL IN NORTHEAST CHINA