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Contaminants from various anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, mining, and recreation negatively affect wetland water quality and vegetation health and composition. Phytoremediation is an effective, sustainable and eco-friendly pollution abatement method using green plants. Arundo donax L. and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. are two morphologically similar reeds commonly used for phytoremediation in wetlands of South Africa. Arundo donax is however, a declared category ’1b’ weed under the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (NEM:BA, Act No. 10 of 2004), requiring its immediate removal. Thus, determining the phytoremediation efficiency of the two reeds could help making the right choice between them for potential use in wetlands. Furthermore, the effeciency of wetlands depends on a robust monitoring system for phytoremediating plants to determine the appropriate time for biomass harvest before they die and release contaminants taken up in plant tissues back into the source through decomposition. Remote sensing can be used for mapping and monitoring of such aquatic macrophytes at species level effectively. Satellites imageries with high spatial and spectral resolutions not only are capable of detecting heavy metal-induced plant stresses, but also can effectively discriminate between morphologically similar species like A. donax and P. Australis and facilitate wetland managment.

applied ecology and environmental research

MONITORING OF PHYTOREMEDIATING WETLAND MACROPHYTES USING REMOTE SENSING: THE CASE OF COMMON REED (PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS (CAV.) TRIN. EX STEUD.) AND THE GIANT REED (ARUNDO DONAX L.). A REVIEW