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Subsoiling during fallow period is an important agronomic practice for storing soil moisture in dryland for winter wheat. Present study was designed to evaluate the effect of different planting density and tillage condition on nitrogen metabolizing enzymes, protein content, protein yield and grain yield of dryland wheat. Field experiment was carried out in Loess Plateau, Wenxi, Shanxi province, China from 2012 to 2014, using winter wheat cultivar Yunhan 20410. Subsoiling (SS) during fallow period or notillage (NT) was taken as main factor and planting density (LD, 190 plants m, MD, 260 plants m, HD, 320 plants m) as subplot factors. Results showed that SS has significantly increased the tiller numbers. Furthermore, SS has increased the soil water content at sowing by 83 mm and 58 mm, soil water at anthesis by 38 mm and 10 mm, and grain yield by 26%-66% and 17%-34% in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014, respectively as compared to NT, whereas, gliadin, glutenin, albumin and total protein content of grain were decreased. Under SS, the soil water storage at anthesis in 0-300 cm soil layer was highest at LD and lowest at MD. The activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in flag leaf and grain were highest under MD, whereas glutamine acid-pyruvate (GPT) was highest at HD. Under SS, the tiller numbers, grain protein and grain yield were increased with the increasing planting density but without significant difference between MD and HD. Under NT, the tiller numbers and grain yield were highest with MD, whereas, the grain total protein, albumin, glutenin, gliadin, glutenin/gliadin were highest with LD. Our study demonstrated that subsoiling during fallow period with a planting density 260 plants m was beneficial to achieve the simultaneous improvement of yield and grain protein content of dryland wheat in Loess Plateau.

COORDINATED IMPROVEMENT OF GRAIN YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN DRYLAND WHEAT BY SUBSOILING AND OPTIMUM PLANTING DENSITY