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A fixed field experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of different amounts of cured and fresh chicken manure (low chicken manure: 300 kg·667 m -2 , high chicken manure: 600 kg·667 m -2 ) on the concentration of tetracyclines (TCs); number of microbes, including antibiotic resistant bacteria; organic matter content; and enzyme activity in soil. Results show that after a one-year application of chicken manure, the quantity of soil bacteria was 3.2-4.3 times that of the control soil. The quantity of soil bacteria and actinomycetes in cured chicken manure (CCM) treatments was significantly higher than in fresh chicken manure (FCM) treatments by 17.0%-33.9% and 201.2%-271.2%, respectively. The application of low cured chicken manure (L-CCM) significantly reduced the number of fungus, which was 83.8% lower than the control. The application of CCM significantly increased the activities of soil urease and catalase by 81.9%-103.0% and 7.9%-17.9%, respectively, compared to the control. After applying chicken manure in soil where Ipomoea aquatic Forsk was planted, the soil antibiotic residues increased by 3.6%-27.5%. When applying chicken manure to soil where Lactuca sativa L. or Brassica juncea var. gemmifera was planted, the soil antibiotic residues decreased by 19.4%52.2% and 22.6%-26.6%, respectively. After one year, the antibiotic residues in soil treated with FCM and CCM were higher than the control level by 176.5%-217.9% and 168.5%-191.5%, respectively. The number of resistant bacteria in CCM treatments was significantly higher than that in FCM treatments and in the control. The number of resistant bacteria in the L-CCM treatment was the highest, wherein the quantity of resistant bacteria to oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline was higher than that in other treatments by 11.6%-339.6%, 127.0%-635.4% and 32.2%-130.9%, respectively. The drowned planting mode may worsen soil tetracycline antibiotic residues, when compared to drought planting. Long-term application of FCM may cause residue and accumulation of tetracycline antibiotics in soil; hence the hazard to the environment is worthy of further study.

INFLUENCE OF LONG-TERM CHICKEN MANURE APPLICATION ON THE CONCENTRATION OF SOIL TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS AND RESISTANT BACTERIA VARIATIONS