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Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Shimajiri-maji (calcaric dark red soil) from Okinawa, Japan, were measured in the laboratory by a closed-chamber incubation method after applying two different chemical fertilizers (normal fertilizer, NF; controlled-release fertilizer, CF). The total nitrogen content was 45% in both NF and CF. At higher temperatures (30°C) CF had better potential to reduce N2O emissions than at lower temperatures (20°C), with total N2O emissions, from highest to lowest, following the pattern of NF at 30°C > CF at 30°C > CF at 20°C > NF at 20°C. Under alternately saturated and drained conditions, the highest peaks of N2O fluxes tended to occur soon after drainage with both CF and NF, and nitrification was the primary source of N2O emissions. Conversely, only slight N2O emissions were detected during prolonged saturated conditions, and it was assumed that denitrification was the secondary source of N2O. This suggests that replacing types of nitrogen fertilizers (replacing NF with CF) does not necessarily result in a direct reduction in N2O emissions as some earlier studies have reported. It is therefore important to continuously monitor temperature and soil moisture content during fertilization and modify the fertilizer accordingly to achieve effective reduction of N2O emissions and minimize environmental impacts.

N2O EMISSIONS FROM SHIMAJIRI-MAJI (CALCARIC DARK RED SOIL) AFTER APPLYING TWO CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS